of wax material from the wall of the pipeline. After pigging, liquid is then collected or continues being processed. The launching station is then closed and the pressure-driven flow of the product in the pipeline is used to push the pig along down the pipe until it reaches the receiving trap — the "pig catcher" (or "receiving station"). Pipeline pigging is the process of propelling a pig through a pipeline from a pig launcher and receiving the pig at the pig receiver end of the pipeline. The pig is inserted ahead of the fill point, and water is pumped behind the pig to keep the pipe full of water and force air out ahead of the pig. There are several types of pigs for cleaning in various densities from 2 lb to 10 lb foam and in special applications up to 20 lb. In pipeline transportation, pigging is the practice of using pipeline inspection gauges, devices generally referred to as pigs or scrapers, to perform various maintenance operations. For example, assume a pig is run in a 24 in. This increases safety by integrating operator procedures[14] with DCS and SIS safety systems. Gel Pig. Site Map - Careers Pigging is performed with the flow of the materials within the pipeline. PIG TRAIN: Several pigs launched in a set order to perform a specific task. Each lock is equipped with two keys: a key for the locked open position and one for the locked closed position. Friction and other factors obstruct flow. In the world of polyurethane pipeline pigs, the hardness scale used is “Shore A”. A flow line clearing device, pumped through the line with normal flow. The notches allow different parts of the plate to bend when a bore restriction is encountered. Industrial, Technology, Business. •The distance between two pig traps is a variable and must be determined for each specific pipeline. The following groups of direct defects can be detected by inspection pigs. Pipeline pigging is crucial to make sure the line and the product inside it runs as smoothly as possible. [citation needed]. These probes are attached to the pig before it is sent through the polyethylene pipe to detect any defects in the outside of the pipe wall. PIG. If a product was used to clear the line, it was necessary to downgrade or dump the contaminated portion of the product. Thanks for subscribing to the newsletter. In other words, the combined data reveals to the operator the location, type and size of each pipe defect. vanishedone commented on the word pipeline pig. This definition explains the meaning of Unibody Pig and why it matters. More complex systems exist for inspecting various aspects of the pipeline. Full port (or full bore) ball valves cause no problems because the inside diameter of the ball opening is the same as that of the pipe. 2): Utility Pigs, are used to perform functions such as cleaning, separating, or dewatering. Some have tungsten studs or abrasive wire mesh on the outside to cut rust, scale, or paraffin wax deposits off the inside of the pipe. In pipelines, pigging refers to various maintenance operations of cleaning and inspecting pipelines with the help of a device known as a pig. 2. It is for this very reason why we developed a multi-diameter pigging system that is capable to meet these increased challenges in ‘difficult to pig’ pipelines. opening of the closure door while the vessel is still pressurized; opening of the main process valve while the closure door is not fully closed; opening of the closure door while a high concentration of H₂S or other toxins remains inside the vessel; the vent valve remaining open while the vessel is being pressurized with its medium. Without the need for line flushing, pigging offers the additional advantage of much more rapid and reliable product changeover. Pig: 1. A consortium plans to build a natural-gas pipeline from Russia to supply eastern Germany. PIG. Geometry pig: Indication of deviations from the ideal circular shape (dents, ovalization, wrinkles, changes in internal diameter, angular distortions) Wall-thickness pigs: Measuring of wall 0. In simplest terms the PIG enters at the launcher, and exits at the receiver; however, most systems today are bidirectional, which means that if there is a blockage in the pipe, the PIG can still be removed from the site where it entered. Intelligent pigs may also use calipers to measure the inside geometry of the pipeline. PIG launchers and receivers are the places where the PIG enters or exits the pipeline. The external sensors may have Global Positioning System capability[20] to assist in their location. It is impossible for a pipeline to be 100% efficient. We are proud to list acronym of PIG in the largest database of abbreviations and acronyms. • Some considerations: – Wear on the Pigs – Pipeline Product •The following pipeline lengths are not uncommon; •Natural Gas pipelines 50-100 miles between traps •Refined Products Pipelines 100-150 miles between traps (PSF) near Columbus, Ohio.[16]. Pigs are used in lube oil or paint blending to clean the pipes to avoid cross-contamination, and to empty the pipes into the product tanks (or sometimes to send a component back to its tank). Pipeline proving combined with pipeline gauging is an essential requirement when a pipeline has little or no pigging history and or there is any doubt about internal condition before the introduction of metal bodied cleaning pigs or an ILI tool can be considered. A flow line clearing device, pumped through the line with normal flow. For example, cleaning pigs are designed to help maintain efficiency and control corrosion. Pipeline pigs are used across various industries not just oil & gas, including chemical plants and hygienic applications such as pharmaceutical or food. There are also fully molded urethane pigs used for liquid removal or batching several different products in one line. A smart pig is also known as a pipe pig, pipeline pig, pipeline inspection gauge, pipeline inline inspection tool, natural gas pipeline inspection tool or corrosion detection pig. Pipeline pigs can be categorized into normal or conventional pigs, and smart pigs. PIG launchers and receivers are the places where the PIG enters or exits the pipeline. Pigs are used during hydrostatic testing operations to allow the pipeline to be filled with water, or other test medium, without entrapping air. The Pipeline pigging system is the process of using a device referred to as Pig to perform various tasks including cleaning, maintenance, inspection, batching, dimension check on a new or existing pipeline. Plant operators use smaller diameter pigging-systems to reduce costs and increase efficiency. Solid-cast pigs, which have the flexibility and easy handling of foam pigs, coupled with the ruggedness and excellent sealing capabilities of cups and discs found on steel pigs, prove very efficient as general purpose pigs for batching, displacement, and routine pigging operations. The pig is pushed either with a gas or a liquid; if pushed by gas, some systems[10] can be adapted in the gas inlet in order to ensure pig's constant speed, whatever the flow pressure is. Safety during pigging relies on strict adherence to safety procedures, which give detailed description of a safe valve operating sequence. Pigging is performed with the flow of the materials within the pipeline. Pipeline proving combined with pipeline gauging is an essential requirement when a pipeline has little or no pigging history and or there is any doubt about internal condition before the introduction of metal bodied cleaning pigs or an ILI tool can be considered. A sizing pig uses one (or more) notched round metal plates as gauges. Pipeline “pigs,” a backronym for “pipeline intervention gadget” are devices used to clean or inspect pipelines in upstream, midstream, and downstream O&G operations. Sweeping the line walls helps remove built up solids like wax and/or precipitated water to help prevent a corrosive environment from occurring. 82677019-Pipeline-Pigging-Handbook Inspection pigs, also referred to as in-line inspection pigs or smart pigs, gather information about the pipeline from within. Data recording may be by various means ranging from analog tape, digital tape, or solid-state memory in more modern units. The interlocks block operation of a valve or door, unless the appropriate keys are inserted. The sensors record when they detect the passage of the pig (time-of-arrival); this is then compared to the internal record for verification or adjustment. Pigging works by introducing this pig into the pipeline and pushing it through the pipe. Brushes and scrapers on a cleaning pig remove dirt and scale from the pipeline walls. A unibody pigs are popular and more sturdy than the polly foam pigs and less abrasive than the steel body mandrel. This paper is intended to provide an overview of the uses of pigs in these operations, and provide some basic information on train design and pig … ... Pigs were primarily used for cleaning out a pipeline, but now pigs can be equipped with a computerized inspection probe to make it an intelligent pig which can also carry testing devices. Pig Receiver. Operators should wear a self-contained breathing apparatus when working on sour systems. The trap includes a pig launcher and a pig receiver (yep, we’re launching pigs). It is therefore necessary that the pig use internal means to record its own movement during the trip. The principle of valve interlocking is the transfer of keys. the practice of using mechanical devices known as ‘pigs’ to perform maintenance operations in pipelines; scrubbing the insides of the lines in order to clean them. If the pipeline contains butterfly valves, or reduced port ball valves, the pipeline cannot be pigged. A pig receiver is a container or device to receive a pipeline pig out of the pipeline … [12] At all other times, the pig is shuttled up and down the pipeline at the end of each transfer, and the pipeline is never opened up during process operation. Physical separation between different fluids flowing through the pipeline, Inspection of the condition of pipeline walls (also known as an Inline Inspection (ILI) tool). Our polyurethanes typically range from 60 to 90 on the Shore A scale, but we can expand that range for special applications if required. It was designed and patented as a direct result of the pipeline pig functional requirements for the Statoil Åsgard Pipeline RFO commissioning project in 1998. Learn about various applications such as batching, cleaning, and inspection. These systems are not common. The basic principle is that a pressure drop is created over a by-passable pig held back against a pipeline's fluid flow. This operation is done by inserting the pig into the pipeline from the source to … Any change in dielectric material results in a change in capacitance. Valve interlocks are permanently mounted to both manual and motor operated valves and the closure door. Other types are fully or criss-cross coated in urethane, or there are bare polyurethane foam pigs with a urethane coating just on the rear to seal and assist in driving the pig. [19] The pig records this positional data so that the distance it moves along with any bends can be interpreted later to determine the exact path taken. 1 Introduction 1.1 Pipeline Pigging System. VariPig is a multi-diameter pigging solution that we have developed that can solve all these problems. Smart pigs can also detect curvatures in the pipeline. 23 Full PDFs related to this paper. Conventional pipeline pigs are composed of foam or plastic polymers shaped to resemble bullets. iNPIPE PRODUCTS™ supplies a range of standard and bespoke pigging poles/pusher which are designed, manufactured and tested to conform with specific client project requirements. They usually do not interrupt production, though some product can be lost when the pig is extracted. Geometry pig: … material’s resistance to permanent indentation. Capacitive sensor probes are used to detect defects in polyethylene pipe gas pipeline. Hazard identification and risk assessment, This page was last edited on 9 May 2021, at 19:31. The electronics are sealed to prevent leakage of the pipeline product into the electronics since products can range from being highly basic to highly acidic and can be of extremely high pressure and temperature. Their safety valves, security locks, and ability to pressurize and depressurize provide a safe way for the PIGs to be loaded and removed without danger to the pipeline and equipment or human personnel. The pigs must be removed, as many pigs are rented, pigs wear and must be replaced, and cleaning (and other) pigs push contaminants from the pipeline such as wax, foreign objects, hydrates, etc., which must be removed from the pipeline. Many pigs use specific materials according to the product in the pipeline. It travels with the flow of product in the line, cleaning the pipe walls by means of blades or brushes affixed to it. Pipeline Pigs - Read about what pipeline pigs are, what they're used for, types of pipeline pigs, such as foam pigs, steel mandrel pigs, solid cast pigs and more. Until recently, tape recording (although digital) was still the preferred recording medium. All of these problems can now be eliminated due to the very precise interface produced by modern pigging systems. There are many challenges when it comes to pigging pipelines. 82677019-Pipeline-Pigging-Handbook If the barrel is not completely depressurized, the pig can be ejected from the barrel and operators have been severely injured when standing in front of an open pig door. [7][8] "PIG" is used as a backronym from the initial letters of the term "Pipeline Inspection Gauge".[3][1]. There are inherent risks in opening the barrel to atmospheric pressure so care must be taken to ensure that the barrel is depressurized prior to opening. [11] When the product is sour, the barrel should be evacuated to a flare system where the sour gas is burnt. The type of pig used will depend on various factors associated with the pipeline such as its diameter and length, the topography, whether it is onshore or offshore, sandy, rocky, etc. For this reason, pipelines are operated to very definite pigging programmes. Some early cleaning "pigs" were made from straw bales wrapped in barbed wire[4] while others used leather. Pig Launchers and Receivers are used to facilitate the pigging of the pipeline. b. © 2021 FTL Technology/IDEX | Hydrostatic testing. Sometimes it is introduced manually but more commonly automatically. Advertisement. Many systems are designed to pig the pipeline in either direction. During the pigging run the pig is unable to directly communicate with the outside world due to the distance underground or underwater and/or the materials that the pipe is made of. instrumented pig to ensure that the pipe has been laid properly. A utility pig that is composed of a highly viscous gelled liquid. After the pigging run has been completed, the positional data from the external sensors is combined with the pipeline evaluation data (corrosion, cracks, etc.) GE Energy's UltraScan Duo is the oil and gas industry's first pipeline inspection gauge, or pig, to utilize Phased Array Ultrasound Technology, an automated sensor system GE adapted to perform comprehensive pipeline inspections in a single run. ; In Line Inspection (ILI) Tools, provide information on the condition of the line, as well as the extent and location of any problems. The PIG means Pipeline Inspection Gauge. A form of flow assurance for oil and gas pipelines and flowlines, pipeline pigging ensures the line is running smoothly. Pipeline “pigs,” a backronym for “pipeline intervention gadget” are devices used to clean or inspect pipelines in upstream, midstream, and downstream O&G operations. Pigging systems are designed so that the pig is loaded into the launcher, which is pressured to launch the pig into the pipeline through a kicker line. A pig was also used as a plot device in the Tony Hillerman book The Sinister Pig where an abandoned pipeline from Mexico to the United States was used with a pig to transport illegal drugs. This information is used to judge the severity of the defect and help repair crews locate and repair the defect quickly without having to dig up excessive amounts of pipeline. iNPIPE PRODUCTS™ was approached by one of Europe’s top oil and gas operators to look at a bespoke pig pusher for a 36” pig, as their existing pig pusher was not performing as required for their project. Pig Definition. Any of various mammals of the family Suidae, having short legs, hooves with two weight-bearing toes, bristly hair, and a cartilaginous snout used for digging, including the domesticated hog (Sus scrofa subsp. Today pigs are used during all phases in the life of a pipeline for many different reasons. Brush and scraper pigs feature longitudinal boles, which pass through the body of the pig. This is accomplished by inserting the pig into a "pig launcher" (or "launching station") — an oversized section in the pipeline, reducing to the normal diameter. Pigging is an in-line inspection (ILI) technique in which devices referred to “pigs” are inserted into pipelines to perform cleaning and inspection activities. In these tests, the diagnostic devices are carried along passively through the pipeline, propelled by the flow of the respective medium. A scraping tool that is forced through a pipeline or flow line to clean out accumulations of wax, scale, and debris from the walls of the pipe. Hydraulically activated pipeline pigging (HAPP) is a pigging technology applied for pipeline cleaning. A few pigging systems utilize a "captive pig", and the pipeline is only opened occasionally to check the condition of the pig. Pipeline Pigging refers to the practice of using devices or implements known as 'pigs' to perform various cleaning, clearing, maintenance, inspection, dimensioning, process and pipeline testing operations on new and existing pipelines. These pigs have a multi-disc configuration and can be used for different purposes such as removing liquids, controlling build up, and in pipeline commissioning. Capturing and recording geometric information relating to pipelines (e.g., size, position). ILI measures and records irregularities in pipelines including corrosion, cracks, deformations, or other defects. This is done without stopping the flow of the product in the pipeline. Industrial, Technology, Business. (pipelines plural ) 1 n-count A pipeline is a large pipe which is used for carrying oil or gas over a long distance, often underground. Product sampling at the receipt point is faster with pigs, because the interface between products is very clear; the old method of checking at intervals to determine where the product is on-specification takes considerably longer. There is no requirement for extensive line flushing. Pipe Pigging is a process used to clean large diameter pipelines. from the pig to provide a location-specific defect map and characterization. pig (pĭg) n. 1. a. Safe Pipeline Pigging Procedures Pipeline pig FAQs, use and results Pipeline pigging is a method used all around the US and the rest of the world as an effective method of cleaning, inspecting and maintaining industrial pipes. Pipeline Inspection Gauge. Many systems are designed to pig the pipeline in either direction. They were originally developed to remove deposits which could obstruct or retard flow through a pipeline. This definition explains the meaning of Unibody Pig and why it matters. In simplest terms the PIG enters at the launcher, and exits at the receiver; however, most systems today are bidirectional, which means that if there is a blockage in the pipe, the PIG can still be removed from the site where it entered. scraping due to softness; shortened pig life span due to increased wear; lower resistance to extreme conditions such as high hydrogen sul˜de gas or chemicals. Image caption: Historic project photo from FTL Technology. Either way, flow is not usually interrupted while the pig … The instrument used electromagnetic fields to sense wall integrity. Usually pigging is done at the beginning and at the end of each batch, but sometimes it is done in the midst of a batch, such as when producing a premix that will be used as an intermediate component. A few pig passage indicators transmit the pig's passage, time and location, via satellite uplink. 6th International Conference, Pipeline Rehabilitation and Maintenance, October 6-10, 2003, Hilton Berlin, Germany A. Pople 2 Penspen Integrity Introduction Pipeline operators now have a wide choice of inline inspection tools (pigs) that have the capability to deliver a consistently high-level of reporting of pipeline features and defects. A utility pig that is permanently deformable by obstructions in the pipeline and thus, upon retrieval from the line, provides evidence of the worst-case obstruction in a given pipeline segment. Positive Displacement Pump Sealing Solutions, Transitions past complex features- wyes, full bore offtakes and tees. PIG launchers and PIG receivers are integral to the pipelines pigging system. [5] Both made a squealing noise while traveling through the pipe, sounding to some like a pig squealing,[6] which gave pigs their name. Location verification is often accomplished by surface instruments that record the pig's passage by either audible, magnetic, radio-transmission or other means. Informal A person regarded as being piglike, greedy, or disgusting. [9] All systems must allow for the receipt of pigs at the launcher, as blockages in the pipeline may require the pigs to be pushed back to the launcher. - Trade Names They enter the pipeline through a pig trap (yes, that’s the real name). 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Gouge. The pig is pushed either with a gas or a liquid; if pushed by gas, some systems can be adapted in the gas inlet in order to ensure pig's constant speed, whatever the flow pressure is. Dual diameter pipelines are problematic for in-line inspection due to the risk of the pig stalling at the diameter change. Pigs are introduced, housed and returned using pig launchers and pig receivers. Interestingly, the name may have originated from the “squealing” sound early pig models (made of straw and wire or leather) produced while traveling through pipelines. Pipeline Pigs are devices that are used in the inspection, cleaning and maintenance of the pipelines used in the production phase of oil and gas. This is done by using a triple plate capacitive sensor in which electrostatic waves are propagated outward through the pipe's wall. In 1964 Tuboscope ran the first commercial instrument. A similar pig trap is located at the end of the pipe to receive the pig once it has traveled the required length of the pipeline. There are also "smart pigs" used to inspect pipelines for the purpose of preventing leaks, which can be explosive and dangerous to the environment. Read the Case Study here.Â. Of valve interlocking sequence © 2021 FTL Technology/IDEX | Site Map - Careers - Trade Names - Privacy ‘Pipeline... To as in-line inspection due to the endpoint other words, the pig enters exits. Tape recording ( although digital ) was still the preferred recording medium the notches allow different parts of the use... Held back against a pipeline while measuring and recording geometric information relating pipelines. Of pig in English: pipeline inspection Gauge Looking for general definition of pig in:.: a key for the locked closed position, gyroscope-assisted tilt sensors and record the data for analysis... Various applications such as cleaning, batching, product removal, liquid Displacement, and other more complex pigging... Size of each run two pig traps are designed to help prevent a corrosive environment from occurring contaminated! Fluid or be pulled by a cable functions such as the metal blocks. Functions in a valve or door, unless the appropriate keys are uniquely coded avoid! The materials within the pipeline from Russia to supply eastern Germany to assessed individually as.! The external sensors may have Global Positioning System capability [ 20 ] assist! Way, flow is not usually interrupted while the pig 's passage time... First intelligent pig was run by Shell Development pipelines to clean large diameter pipelines are operated to very definite programmes., radio-transmission or other device if needed also detect curvatures in the operating,. And motor operated valves and the closure door line with normal flow a multi-diameter pigging that... The largest database of abbreviations and acronyms a variety of pipeline pig is removed from the Sealing.... Map and characterization ( MFL ) and ultrasound to inspect the pipeline on! During an operating procedure variety of pipelines sizes without having to stop the of. The polly foam pigs and less abrasive than the steel body mandrel had to be subjected to effluent treatment solvent... That are inserted, batching, product removal, liquid is then collected or being! Looking for general definition of pig travel with the help of a valve or door, the! - Trade Names - Privacy but are not limited to cleaning and inspecting pipelines with flow! For multi-product pipelines of piggable systems is the transfer of keys should wear a self-contained electronic could. `` pigging the pipeline. [ 1 ] [ 3 ] combination of technologies such... Pipelines sizes without having to stop the flow of the respective medium is.! The upstream and downstream of the pig to ensure that the pipe has used... During an operating procedure, only one key at a time is free runs as smoothly as possible also molded! Length of a valve interlocking sequence equipment for onshore, offshore and subsea inserted into and throughout... Intelligent pig was run by Shell Development sometimes it is impossible for a.! Wrapped in barbed wire [ 4 ] while others used leather complex features-,! Normal flow of pigs using acoustic resonance Technology have been reported. 18! Of direct defects can be unlocked at an inappropriate time to solid-state and operated. A cable apparatus when working on sour systems outside the pipe that ’ s the real name ) change pipe. Batching, product removal, liquid is then collected or continues being processed they enter pipeline! Barbed wire [ 4 ] while others used leather various means ranging analog! [ 20 ] to assist in their location to facilitate the pigging of product... To detect pipe defects by getting rid of buildups, sediments and metal objects that are.. Instrument could traverse a pipeline 's fluid flow pressure or pulled through by a flow! Agent then had to be operated next in the operating procedure, only one at.
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