Most Kurdish and Sunni members boycotted the vote. The second phase, from 2007 to 2011, was marked by the U.S. military surge of an additional 30,000 troops—adding to 130,000 already deployed—to help stem the escalating bloodshed. Shia cleric Ayatollah al-Sistani endorsed the elections and encouraged participation. The last U.S. troops pulled out of Iraq, officially ending the eight-year American military involvement in Iraq. Al-Sadr’s bloc took 54 seats, six more than a group of Iran-backed Shia leaders, and 12 more than Abadi’s block. Security, Strategy, Tactics & Defense, http://americanrhetoric.com/speeches/leonpanettairaqmissionend.htm, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/19/world/middleeast/last-convoy-of-american-troops-leaves-iraq.html?pagewanted=1&ref=iraq, http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/05/01/iraq/main551946.shtml, http://www.brookings.edu/fp/saban/iraq/index.pdf, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL33110.pdf, http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/25/washington/25view.html, http://www.whitehouse.gov/issues/foreign-policy, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2077425/Baghdad-attacks-14-bomb-blasts-kill-69-just-5-days-US-withdrew-Iraq.html, http://www.france24.com/en/20111217-iraq-sunni-bloc-suspends-its-parliamentary-participation-iraqiya-maliki, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/afghanistan/8934130/Hamid-Karzai-calls-on-foreign-presence-in-Afghanistan-beyond-2014-or-risk-return-to-Taliban.html, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-15908760, Envisioning the Future of National and International Security Strategy for the Republic of Cyprus, International Security, Strategy, Tactics and Defense, Hybrid Warfare: The Comprehensive Approach In The Offense, Russian Disinformation and the Measles Surge in Europe, “Obvious Success or hidden failure? Iraq After the War . Shortly after combat operations concluded on May 1, the real conflict began. The estimated civilian fatalities until October 2011 are 115,676, a number that is believed to be higher. Are you sure you want to Yes No. Iraqi forces launched an offensive on Hawija, one of the last territories under Islamic State. In a ceremony held in Baghdad on December 15, 2011, the war that began in 2003 with the American-led invasion of Iraq officially comes to an end. Another photo near the site of the statue. Iraq After the War: A Bleak Prognosis A Henry Jackson Society Strategic Briefing By Robin Simcox, HJS Research Fellow December 2011. This reality has led to frustration, anger and disillusionment among the communities in Sinjar, the majority of whom are Yazidi (Ezidi). Iraq suffered through a civil war, political turmoil, widespread corruption, sectarian tensions and an extremist insurgency that seized a third of the country. On May 11, the government agreed to a ceasefire with al-Sadr. The Iraq war was launched in March 2003 upon the invasion of Iraq by US forces. Dr. Elie Abouaoun; Sarhang Hamasaeed. In March, Kurdish and Sunni parties rejected Jaafari as prime minister and refused to join a national unity government because he had failed to stop escalating sectarian violence. He urged the prime minister to reign in militias and end extrajudicial killings by people with links to the government. Mahdi Army militiamen killed at least 40 Sunnis during house searches and at phony checkpoints in Baghdad. On August 26, Iraqi forces captured Tal Afar near the Syrian border. During the Iran–Iraq War, Kuwait functioned as Iraq's major port once Basra was shut down by the fighting. On June 12, Iran deployed forces to fight ISIS in Iraq, and helped Iraqi troops regain control of most of Tikrit. Even though Iran was not present in Iraq[5], it was benefited by the USA’s engagement as it played a part in their efforts of building their nuclear capabilities. On July 6, ISIS killed 250 people in a suicide bomb attack in Baghdad. However, there is no surprise on the reason why it is now that the USA withdrew. Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani, the Shia world’s top marja, responded to the Sunni jihadi movement with a fatwa calling Iraqis to take up to arms. The attack injured at least one person and was not claimed by any group. Prime Minister Maliki signed a decree creating the Commission for the Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF). Updated June 21, 2019 The Iraq War (America’s second war with Iraq, the first being the conflict that followed Iraq's invasion of Kuwait) continued to be a rancorous and controversial topic years after the US ceded control of the country to the Iraqi civilian government. Jawad al-Bolani, a Shia, became interior minister. The war was only seven weeks away. In his first public statement, al-Sadr urged his followers to resist the “occupiers” of Iraq. 12 hours ago Delete Reply Block. It is obvious now that the Bush Administration and the neo-conservative ideology failed completely in foreign policy. Jihadism remained a threat to several Arab governments by playing on Sunni grievances still not addressed by governments. Cox, M. & Stokes D. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008) p 416, [7] All of the numbers and percentages used are taken for the Iraq Index which was developed by the Brookings Institution. However, it is incumbent and imperative that we try. Connect President Obama officially ended the seven-year U.S. combat mission in Iraq. One message from the 2018 election and recurring demonstrations was that many Iraqis wanted to limit outside influence by Iran, Turkey and others. The rise of ISIS also led to foreign intervention a second time. The tensions were exploited by Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, a Jordanian jihadi who had fought in Afghanistan and moved to Iraq to lead al-Qaida in Iraq. The United Iraqi Alliance, a Shia Islamist coalition, secured 47 percent of the vote. Masri and Abu Omar al-Baghdadi, another al-Zarqawi successor, led the new group. In his first statement as spokesman, al-Muhajer urged ISIS sympathizers to carry out new attacks and for fighters to stand their ground in Iraq. We use research and a public website to facilitate debate about the costs of the post-9/11 wars in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. Tens of thousands of Sunnis demonstrated against the Shia-dominated government of Maliki. Copyright & Author’s Material rights © 2011-2015, Strategy International. In late 2019 and early 2020, rising tensions between the United States and Iran played out in Iraq. The blast destroyed the famous gold dome and triggered violence across Iraq for years. The number of media outlets increased dramatically. in Bombers, Bank Accounts, and Bleedout, edited by Brian Fishman (West Point, NY: Combating Terrorism Center, 2008), 110-112. The United States transferred administrative and operational control over the Sunni Awakening Council militias to the Iraqi government. Dual suicide bombings targeted the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) and Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK) party offices in Iraqi Kurdistan, killing at least 70, including the deputy prime minister of the Kurdistan Regional Government. By: In retaliation for the attack on Camp Taji, the U.S. struck five weapon storage facilities belonging to KH early on March 13. All opinions and statements made reflect solely, the author. After the surge of U.S. troops, ISI was driven from Baghdad into Diyala, Salahideen, and Mosul. On June 10, U.S. forces advanced a strategy to arm Sunni groups to fight ISI. He was the first American to die in ground combat with ISIS. Posters of anti-American Shiite cleric Muqtada al-Sadr in … Iraqi security forces, with the support of U.S. troops, killed ISI leaders Abu Omar al Baghadi and Abu Ayuub al Masri. Prime Minister Adil Abdul Mahdi called on U.S. Secretary of State Michael Pompeo to send delegates to Iraq to discuss mechanisms for the withdrawal of U.S. troops following the Iraqi Council of Representatives’ resolution regarding the withdrawal of foreign troops from Iraq. This is due in large part to the fact that the district is one of 14 territories under dispute between Iraq’s federal government and the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG). Secretary of State Mike Pompeo held Iran and its allies responsible. In April and May, the Sunni insurgency, increasingly dominated by AQI, escalated its bombing campaign. On May 17, Zarqawi’s group assassinated Ezzedine Salim, the head of the Iraqi Governing Council. On November 27, anti-government demonstrators who opposed Iranian influence in Iraq burned down the Iranian consulate in Najaf. In addition, the war had a negative impact domestically with more and more American citizens feeling not only deceived but betrayed by their government[9]. Shia cleric Moqtada al-Sadr led an unlikely coalition with secular Sunnis and communists that won the largest number of seats while an Iran-backed block came second. Prime Minister Adil Abdul Mahdi urged Iraqi legislators to end U.S. troop presence in Iraq. In October 2019, hundreds of thousands of protestors took to the street to demand change and reform. Tehran successfully applied its “Hezbollah” model in Iraq by supporting Shia armed groups, some of which began participating in Iraqi politics. The bombings occurred as U.S. and Iraqi forces engaged in heavy fighting in Anbar province as part of Operation Steel Curtain, the latest in a series of Anbar province operations targeting the Sunni insurgency. 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